PERSPECTIVE - BASIC CONCEPTS

   Perspective

¤ Basic Concepts of Linear Perspective
¤ "Illustrated Drawning of Cubic Forms"
¤ "The Master Picture Plane"
¤ Reflected Tower Trio
¤ Circular Rings
¤ Furniture Drawing
¤ Corridor Drawing

   Constructions

   Outdoor Assignments

   Special Courses

   Publications

BASIC CONCEPTS of LINEAR PERSPECTIVE*

Introduction
Practical Hints

Key-words in ABC:

     •     Basic Phenomena of Linear Perspective (Convergence, foreshortening, covering)
     •     Breaking into thirds
     •     Comparison of Inward Fields (framework structures)
     •     Composition (Subject + surrounding = the Entire Paper)
     •     Correct position of drawing board (angle, direction)
     •     Cut-in-Lines of the Background (Contour-intersections)
     •     The Diagonal Method (corner reflected through opposite halving point)
     •     Extreme Oblique Lines
     •     Determination of the Horizon (eye-level)
     •     Framing Shape (a rectangle of major sizes)
     •     Halving (Center Point)
     •     Horizontal Projection (using the upper edge of drawing board)
     •     Lay-out (Composition in plane, lettering)
     •     Looking for Key Intersections (e.g. crossing of Vertical Scale with fundamental Square's rear edge)
     •     The Master Picture Plane
     •     Orthogonal pictures (parallel visual rays)
     •     The Pencil Method
     •     Perspective (Central projection, Center, Visual ray, Picture plane)
     •     Picture Plane Mosaic
     •     Principal Directions
     •     Proportion (comparison)
     •     The Proportion Measuring Method (considering the oblique line as a hypotenuse)
     •     Simple Geometrical Shapes (Regular triangle and Quadrangles with a pair of parallel sides)
     •     Multilateral Distortion of Perpendicular Sides (Formula "x/Y, X/y")
     •     Picture Plane's Dissection (Easily Measurable Geometrical Shapes)
     •     Vanishing Point
     •     Diagonals' Vanishing Point
     •     Vertical Projection of Inward Corners (Horizontal planes)
     •     Vertical scale

ASSIGNMENTS

     •     A regular heap of equal boxes (e.g. matchboxes, cassettes)
     •     Modeled configurations made of Domino-style stones
     •     (Themes like "Entrance," "Play-ground", "Arcade" or "Labyrinth")
     •     with addition of orthogonal pictures.
     •     Play-cards on horizontal plane (freely or irregularly positioned in 2D)
     •     A symmetrical system built of play-cards in 3 D
     •     (e.g. "Tower", "Palace", "Gateway", etc.)
     •     An irregular heap of different boxes
     •     Closed and opened boxes (standing, laying and oblique positions)
     •     A systematic heap of books
     •     Still life with rectangular bodies

CORRESPONDING ITEMS

     •     Furniture (Stool, chair, desk, sculptor's scaffolding, sole of sculpture, etc.)
     •     Interiors (considered as an increased cube seen from inside)
     •     Regular spaces (Corridor, entrance hall, a room's corner, arcade, etc.)
     •     Details of built environment (Column, balk, rafter, sill, staircase, etc.)

Aspects for self-evaluation

   •     PERSPECTIVE
   •     COMPOSITION
   •     TECHNIQUE

Look for the best "cut-out" of picture by preliminary sketching!
Depict objects with their environment!
The main subject and its surrounding together create the composition.

*Based on "Architectural Freehand Drawing" by Fulbright-Lecturer Prof. B. MEHES PhD
The School of Architecture - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2oo1